June 10, 2025 CellField Technologies The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently announced a shift in its approach to biomedical research, signaling an intention to reduce the use of animals in NIH-funded studies. This decision, influenced by both scientific and ethical considerations, represents a major inflection point in how preclinical research is conducted in the United States. For decades, mice, dogs, and non-human primates have served as the backbone of early-stage drug development. However, their predictive power has come under increased scrutiny. The FDA has reported that over 90 percent of drugs that succeed in animal testing ultimately fail in human clinical trials. These limitations, combined with mounting public pressure and new regulatory frameworks, are driving a transition toward more human-relevant alternatives. A Turning Point in Preclinical Research The NIH’s new policy reflects a broader consensus that animal models often fall short in replicating human disease biology. Differences in immune systems, metabolic pathways, and tissue responses mean results from animal studies don’t always translate effectively to people. In response, researchers and companies are exploring technologies that model human physiology more directly. The FDA’s 2022 Modernization Act reinforced this direction by allowing the use of non-animal technologies, including organ-on-a-chip systems, microphysiological models, and computational approaches, as part of the regulatory review process. The NIH is now aligning its funding priorities with these developments. This convergence of policy, public sentiment, and scientific progress is opening the door for a new generation of tools designed to improve both ethical standards and scientific accuracy. New Tools for Human-Relevant Insights As the research community looks for alternatives to animal testing, several platforms have emerged that aim to replicate human disease processes more faithfully. Among these, microphysiological systems that model specific tissue environments are becoming increasingly important. For joint diseases like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, new platforms are offering insights into tissue degeneration, inflammation, and treatment response without relying on animal data. One such model, for example, integrates primary human joint cells into a microfluidic environment that mimics the physical and biochemical conditions found in actual human joints. This approach allows researchers to monitor live-cell activity, analyze real-time biomarker changes, and study therapeutic effects with greater precision than animal models typically allow. These systems are not just ethically sound. They are designed to improve research outcomes by making early-stage drug testing more relevant to human biology. A Shift That Requires Collaboration Although NIH’s policy does not eliminate animal research altogether, it makes clear that future grant proposals will need to justify animal use more rigorously. Validated non-animal models are no longer optional; they are expected wherever possible. The private sector has an important role to play in this transition. Companies developing robust, reproducible, and disease-specific models are helping move the field toward a more reliable and humane research infrastructure. When these tools are developed in collaboration with academic partners and aligned with regulatory expectations, they don’t just replace animal models, they redefine what effective preclinical research can look like. Looking Ahead The shift away from animal testing is part of a larger transformation in the life sciences, one that favors specificity, reproducibility, and translational relevance. As the NIH reorients its funding strategy and the FDA continues to embrace non-animal data, researchers will need to adopt tools that are built for this new era.